[9] According to the Kay Williamson Scale, the following is the degree of relationship between Itsekiri and other Yoruboid dialects, using a compiled word list of the most common words. Mí mọ awọn orúkọ wọnyi á́ tún jẹ ki èdè Yorùbá yé àwọn ti ó ni ìfẹ́ lati kọ èdè. One of their informants was Crowther, who later would proceed to work on his native language himself. [29][better source needed] Ultimately, the standard words for the days of the week are Àìkú, Ajé, Ìṣẹ́gun, Ọjọ́rú, Ọjọ́bọ, Ẹtì, Àbámẹ́ta, for Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday respectively. In the 17th century, Yoruba was written in the Ajami script, a form of Arabic script. Orúkọ Gbogbo Ẹ̀yà Ara ni Èdè Yorùbá – Names of part of Human Body in Yoruba. Leave a reply. By far Ọjọ́ Jimoh is the most favorably used. I doubt your instructor would be expecting a commercial grade product from you. (1970). Its vowel system is the least innovative (most stable) of the three dialect groups, having retained nine oral-vowel contrasts and six or seven nasal vowels, and an extensive vowel harmony system. [citation needed]. noun /naʊn/ werkwoord, naamwoord grammatika . [19] Tones are marked by use of the acute accent for high tone (⟨á⟩, ⟨ń⟩) and the grave accent for low tone (⟨à⟩, ⟨ǹ⟩); midis unmarked, except on syllabic nasals where it is indicated using a macron (⟨a⟩, ⟨n̄⟩). UTME Syllabus – Yoruba Language ... identify organs of speech, speech sounds and parameters for describing each speech sound; (ii) a. determine their correct usages; (ii) b. identify linguistic errors (pronunciations and wrong usages); (iii) determine the syllable components of words; (iv) demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles underlying the relationship between sounds. The current orthography of Yoruba derives from a 1966 report of the Yoruba Orthography Committee, along with Ayọ Bamgboṣe's 1965 Yoruba Orthography, a study of the earlier orthographies and an attempt to bring Yoruba orthography in line with actual speech as much as possible. Ẹ̀kọ́-Èdè Yorùbá Titun SSI–SSIII, Ìbàdàn: UP Plc. (1969). en (grammar) A word that can be used to refer to a person, animal, place, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality, or idea; one of the basic parts of speech in many languages, including English. Ìró ohùn ni òpó èdè Yorùbá. Àwôn . This video is unavailable. In early grammar primers and translations of portions of the English Bible, Crowther used the Latin alphabet largely without tone markings. Among commonly Arabic words used in Yoruba are names of the days such as Atalata (الثلاثاء) for Tuesday, Alaruba (الأربعاء) for Wednesday, Alamisi (الخميس) for Thursday, and Jimoh (الجمعة, Jumu'ah) for Friday. Written Yoruba includes diacritical marks not available on conventional computer keyboards, requiring some adaptations. For the assistance of non-Yoruba speakers but who are curious, we have included the pronunciation in picture slides in Part 1. Yoruba / ˈjɒrʊbə / (Yor. It is the written form of the language, the standard variety learned at school and that spoken by newsreaders on the radio. Fayemi Fatunde Fakayode, Aare Agbefaga of Yorubaland, Oyètádé, B. Akíntúndé & Buba, Malami (2000) 'Hausa Loan Words in Yorùbá', in Wolff & Gensler (eds. Teach Yourself Yoruba. In southwest Nigeria where most of Yorùbá speakers are concentrated, Yorùbá, although not an official language, is used in government administration, print and electronic media, at all levels of edu… Yoruba religious beliefs are part of itan, the total complex of songs, histories, ... is the class of hourglass shaped talking drums, which imitate the sound of Yoruba speech. English Universities Press: London. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated both formally and informally. Tonality effects and computer-coded documents, Adetugbọ 1973:192-3. Standard Yoruba has its origin in the 1850s, when Friday remains Eti in the Yoruba language. They came' or 'they came' in SEY dialects, whereas NWY for example has ẹ wá 'you (pl.) The Yoruba alphabet was standardized along with other Benin languages in the National Languages Alphabet by the National Language Commission in 1975, and revised in 1990 and 2008 by the National Center for Applied Linguistics. The emergence of a plural of respect may have prevented the coalescence of the two in NWY dialects. Ẹ̀kọ́-Èdè Yorùbá Titun SSI–SSIII, Ìbàdàn: UP Plc. Rowlands, Evan Colyn. They are used as labels in PoS Taggers. Though for a large part based on the Ọyọ and Ibadan dialects, Standard Yoruba incorporates several features from other dialects. In his Arabic-English Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Quran and Sunnah, Yoruba Muslim scholar Abu-Abdullah Adelabu argued Islam has enriched African languages by providing them with technical and cultural augmentations with Swahili and Somali in East Africa and Turanci Hausa and Wolof in West Africa the most beneficiaries. Èdè Yorùbá) is a language spoken in West Africa, most prominently South western Nigeria. It is spoken by the ethnic Yoruba people. Recommended: WAEC Syllabus For Yoruba. The vertical line had been used to avoid the mark being fully covered by an underline. Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/[2] (Yor. In NWY dialects, Proto-Yoruba /gh/ (the velar fricative [ɣ]) and /gw/ have merged into /w/; the upper vowels /i ̣/ and /ụ/ were raised and merged with /i/ and /u/, just as their nasal counterparts, resulting in a vowel system with seven oral and three nasal vowels. Like many other languages of the region, Yoruba has the voiceless and voiced labial–velar stops /k͡p/ and /ɡ͡b/: pápá [k͡pák͡pá] 'field', gbogbo [ɡ͡bōɡ͡bō] 'all'. Although Yoruba has no grammatical gender,[25] it has a distinction between human and non-human nouns. Yoruba also lacks a phoneme /n/; the letter ⟨n⟩ is used for the sound in the orthography, but strictly speaking, it refers to an allophone of /l/ immediately preceding a nasal vowel. Literary Yoruba, also known as Standard Yoruba, Yoruba koiné, and common Yoruba, is a separate member of the dialect cluster. et al. It has become increasingly clear in recent times that research efforts on the standard Yoruba (SY) can only be sustained by regional dialectal studies. Article share tools Facebook In the rare case that it results in two possible readings, disambiguation is left to the context. Yoruba Grammar. Lack of adequate support from government agencies and other organizations is a setback to the revival efforts by language and cultural heritage activists. Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/ (Yor. It is usually referred to as the unpleasant word for Friday, Ẹtì, which means failure, laziness, or abandonment. Yoruba ( English pronunciation: / ˈjɒrʊbə /; Yor. Part of speech tagging (POS tagging) has a vital role in different fields of natural language processing (NLP) including machine translation, (Rabbi et al 2009:1). It is spoken by the ethnic Yoruba people. South-East Yoruba was probably associated with the expansion of the Benin Empire after c. Teken aan . Because the use of Standard Yoruba did not result from some deliberate linguistic policy, much controversy exists as to what constitutes 'genuine Yoruba', with some writers holding the opinion that the Ọyọ dialect is the most "pure" form, and others stating that there is no such thing as genuine Yoruba at all. noun oor Yoruba . [18] Every syllable must have at least one tone; a syllable containing a long vowel can have two tones. Probably a remainder of the noun class system of Proto-Niger–Congo, the distinction is only apparent in the fact that the two groups require different interrogative particles: tani for human nouns ('who?') Introduction Yorùbá (native name èdè Yorùbá, the Yorùbá language) is a Niger- Congo language spoken in West Africa. You have to keep trying more than one exam to increase your success in the forthcoming WAEC Exam. 300= Odunrun 1,000= Egberun 2,000=Egbaa 3,000=Egbeedogun 4,000= Egbaaji 5,000= Egbedogbon 6,000= Egbata 7,000= Edegbarin 8,000= Egbaarin 10,000= Egbaarun 11,000= Edegbaafa 12,000= Egbaafa 13,000= Edegbaaje 14,000= Egbaaje 15,000=Edegbaajo 16,000= Egbaajo 17,000= Edegbaasan 18,000= Egbaasan 19,000= Edegbaawa … South-East Yoruba was probably associated with the expansion of the Benin Empire after c. Ẹ̀KỌ́ ÈDÈ YORÙBÁ Friday, November 19, 2010. The categories of words or part-of-speech are defined as classes of words in a sentence. Although the sound occurs in speech, several authors have argued it to be not phonemically contrastive; often, it is in free variation with [ɔ̃]. [9] According to the Kay Williamson Scale, the following is the degree of relationship between Itsekiri and other Yoruboid dialects, using a compiled word list of the most common words. Yoruba /ˈjɒrʊbə/ (Yor. intergral a part of his culture. The linguistic unity of the Niger–Congo family dates to deep prehistory, estimates ranging around 11000 years ago (the end of the Upper Paleolithic). Help us make it happen for Yoruba! The rhotic consonant is realized as a flap [ɾ] or, in some varieties (notably Lagos Yoruba), as the alveolar approximant [ɹ]. It has three (03) tones: high tone (represented by the acute accent), the low tone (represented by the grave accent) and the average tone (represented by the absence of accent). for example the following remark by Adetugbọ (1967, as cited in Fagborun 1994:25): "While the orthography agreed upon by the missionaries represented to a very large degree the phonemes of the Abẹokuta dialect, the morpho-syntax reflected the Ọyọ-Ibadan dialects". Literary Yoruba, also known as Standard Yoruba, Yoruba koiné, and common Yoruba, is a separate member of the dialect cluster. Peculiar to Central and Eastern (NEY, SEY) Yoruba also, is the ability to begin words with the vowel [ʊ:] which in Western Yoruba has been changed to [ɪ:]. Tonal Sandhi in Yoruba 2.1 Tone Organization YORUBA LAGBA EYA!!!!! [3] As a pluricentric language, it is primarily spoken in a dialectal area spanning Nigeria, Benin and Togo, with smaller migrated communities in Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, The Gambia. The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Yorùbá is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. Owólabí, K. (1989). [16] Orthographically, nasal vowels are normally represented by an oral vowel symbol followed by ⟨n⟩ (⟨in⟩, ⟨un⟩, ⟨ẹn⟩, ⟨ọn⟩), except in case of the [n] allophone of /l/ (see below) preceding a nasal vowel: inú 'inside, belly' is actually pronounced [īnṹ].[17]. Yoruba / ˈ j ɒr ʊ b ə / (Yor. Written Yoruba includes diacritical marks not available on conventional computer keyboards, requiring some adaptations. names to Yoruba. ⟨ṣ⟩ represents a postalveolar consonant [ʃ] like the English ⟨sh⟩, ⟨y⟩ represents a palatal approximant like English ⟨y⟩, and ⟨j⟩ a voiced palatal stop [ɟ], as is common in many African orthographies. Spoken by the ethnic Yoruba people, The number of speakers of Yoruba is estimated at between 45 and 55 million. Phonology is the speech . [4][5][6][7], As the principal Yoruboid language, Yoruba is most closely related to the languages Itsekiri (spoken in the Niger Delta) and Igala (spoken in central Nigeria).[1]. Thus while the analysis shows that Igala, with an overlap of 60% is a completely different language, all other Yoruboid speech forms are merely dialects of the same Language. Yoruba has an extensive body of literature. The North-West Yoruba dialects show more linguistic innovation than the Southeast and Central dialects. Yoruba Grammar. in for non-human nouns ('what?'). Yoruba is a tonal language with three-level tones: high, low, and mid (the default tone). [22] In fact, since syllables in Yoruba normally end in a vowel, and most nouns start with one, it is a very common phenomenon, and it is absent only in very slow, unnatural speech. Èdè Yorùbá) is a language spoken in West Africa and most prominently South western Nigeria. Figures. The tone is the pillar of the Yoruba : Ìró ohùn èdè ni à þ pé ni. : Can I practice with you? Asubiaro Toluwase, in his 2014 paper,[21] points out that the use of these diacritics can affect the retrieval of Yoruba documents by popular search engines. The Yoruba group is assumed to have developed out of undifferentiated Volta–Niger populations by the 1st millennium BC. Cf. came' or 'they came' in SEY dialects, whereas NWY for example has ẹ wá 'you (pl.) When it precedes a vowel, it is a velar nasal [ŋ]: n ò lọ [ŋ ò lɔ̄] 'I didn't go'. | Check out 'Text To Speech Application for Yoruba' on Indiegogo. The Latin letters ⟨c⟩, ⟨q⟩, ⟨v⟩, ⟨x⟩, ⟨z⟩ are not used. Therefore, their omission can have a significant impact on online research. BBC Yorùbá bẹ̀rẹ̀ ètò tuntun ti a pè ní 'Olówe m'òwe' ni èyì tía o fi máa ṣe àtúpalẹ̀ àwọn òwe kí èdè Yorùbá má parun. Yoruba (èdè Yorùb á ... North-West Yoruba is historically a part of the Ọy ọ empire. The wide adoption of imported religions and civilizations such as Islam and Christianity has had an impact both on written and spoken Yoruba. The linguistic unity of the Niger–Congo family dates to deep prehistory, estimates ranging around 11000 years ago (the end of the Upper Paleolithic). According to the language assessment criteria of the International Language Assessment Conference (1992), only when a wordlist analysis shows a lexical similarity of below 70% are two speech forms considered to be different languages. In the rare case that it results in two possible readings, disambiguation is left to the context. The number of Yoruba speakers is estimated at between 45 and 55 million. SEY has collapsed the second and third person plural pronominal forms; thus, àn án wá can mean either 'you (pl.) language. The voiceless plosives /t/ and /k/ are slightly aspirated; in some Yoruba varieties, /t/ and /d/ are more dental. North-West Yoruba is historically a part of the Ọyọ Empire. 1. Long vowels within words usually signal that a consonant has been elided word-internally. When more than one tone is used in one syllable, the vowel can either be written once for each tone (for example, *⟨òó⟩ for a vowel [o] with tone rising from low to high) or, more rarely in current usage, combined into a single accent. Afọ̀ ṣíṣe ṣe pàtàkì láàrin ọmọ ènìyàn, èdè sì jẹ́ ọ̀kan pàtàkì lára àṣà rẹ̀. Phonology is the speech . In Benin, Yoruba uses a different orthography. Yoruba Translation. The number of speakers of Yoruba is estimated between 30 and 40 million, primarily by the ethnic Yoruba people. Tonality effects and computer-coded documents. Linguistically, SEY has retained the /ɣ/ and /gw/ contrast, while it has lowered the nasal vowels /ĩ/ and /ʊ̃/ to /ɛ̃/ and /ɔ̃/, respectively. Long vowels within words usually signal that a consonant has been elided word-internally. Se mole kọ pẹlu ẹ? Ìwé Ìgbáradì fún Ìdá n wó Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn: Macmillan Publishers. Èdè tí kò rọrūn ní : It’s a hard language. Peculiar to Central and Eastern (NEY, SEY) Yoruba also, is the ability to begin words with the vowel [ʊ:] which in Western Yoruba has been changed to [ɪ:]. three basic tones in Yoruba… 1450. Èdè Mi is for everyone who wants to learn Yorùbá language including children, , … 1450. Asubiaro Toluwase, in his 2014 paper,[21] points out that the use of these diacritics can affect the retrieval of Yoruba documents by popular search engines. Many of the spatial relational terms are historically related to body-part terms. It is a pluricentric language spoken principally in Nigeria and Benin, with communities in other parts of Africa, Europe, and the Americas. There is also a syllabic nasal, which forms a syllable nucleus by itself. #IdentityMatrix #Yoruba — GV SSAfrica (@gvssafrica) May 15, 2020. The Yoruba dialect continuum itself consists of several dialects. You could probably get away with tagging just the major parts of speech (nouns, pronouns, verbs, auxiliaries, infinitives, etc). and ka came' and wọ́n wá 'they came', respectively. Machine learning algorithm. The Essentials of the Yoruba Language. The bare verb stem denotes a completed action, often called perfect; tense and aspect are marked by preverbal particles such as ń 'imperfect/present continuous', ti 'past'. Yoruba / ˈjɒrʊbə / (Yor. Central Yoruba forms a transitional area in that the lexicon has much in common with NWY, and it shares many ethnographical features with SEY. It is spoken by about 22 million people in southwest Nigeria, Benin, Togo, the UK, Brazil and the USA. In 1875, the Church Missionary Society (CMS) organized a conference on Yoruba Orthography; the standard devised there was the basis for the orthography of the steady flow of religious and educational literature over the next seventy years. There are two 'prepositions': ní 'on, at, in' and sí 'onto, towards'. Speech is so fundamental an activity of man, language so. Welcome to the 8th lesson about Yoruba grammar.We will first learn about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object and possessive pronouns.. We will start with prepositions.In general, they are used to link words to other words. Yoruba / ˈ j ɒr ʊ b ə / (natively èdè Yorùb á) is a Niger–Congo language spoken in West Africa. The Online JAMB syllabus is the easiest and convenient way to get relevant information regarding each subject Objectives, Topics, Contents, Notes and Recommended Textbooks. (See also the section, This widely followed classification is based on Adetugbọ's (1982) dialectological study; the classification originated in his 1967 Ph.D. thesis. Though for a large part based on the Ọyọ and Ibadan dialects, Standard Yoruba incorporates several features from other dialects. Èdè Yorùb á) is a language spoken in West Africa, most prominently South western Nigeria. Negation is expressed by a preverbal particle kò. (2005). The former indicates location and absence of movement, and the latter encodes location/direction with movement. Yoruba is classified among the Edekiri languages, which together with Itsekiri and the isolate Igala form the Yoruboid group of languages within the Volta–Niger branch of the Niger–Congo family. The linguistic unity of the Niger-Congo family dates to deep prehistory, estimates ranging around 15 kya (the end of the Upper Paleolithic). In many publications the line is replaced by a dot ⟨ẹ⟩, ⟨ọ⟩, ⟨ṣ⟩. Fonölöjì. Leave a reply. [29][better source needed] Ultimately, the standard words for the days of the week are Àìkú, Ajé, Ìṣẹ́gun, Ọjọ́rú, Ọjọ́bọ, Ẹtì, Àbámẹ́ta, for Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday respectively. [11] In contrast to NWY, lineage and descent are largely multilineal and cognatic, and the division of titles into war and civil is unknown. Èdè Yorùbá) is a language spoken in West Africa and most prominently South western Nigeria.Spoken by the ethnic Yoruba people, The number of speakers of Yoruba is estimated at between 45 and 55 million. Ìró ohùn pàtàkì mëta. Adelabu, a Ph D graduate from Damascus cited—among many other common usages—the following words to be Yoruba's derivatives of Arabic vocabularies:[28][better source needed]. Body Parts in Yoruba - Ẹ̀yà Ara ni Èdè Yorùbá on Vimeo Join Ìwé Ìgbáradì fún Ìdá n wó Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn: Macmillan Publishers. Even though the official language of Nigeria is English, Yorùbá together with Igbo and Hausa are quazi-official languages that serve as lingua francas for speakers of the 400 odd languages spoken in Nigeria. The status of a fifth nasal vowel, [ã], is controversial. Ebu, Anyugba, Ife, Idah, Ibaji, Ankpa, Imane, Most divergent Yoruboid language (earliest split) & Easternmost Yoruboid language, A cluster of closely related dialects in Western, By far the largest of the Yoruboid languages, and the, An isolated Yoruba dialect on the Western flanks of the Niger. The number of Yoruba speakers is estimated at between 45 and 55 million. In particular, the use of the sub dots and tone marks are not represented, so many Yoruba documents simply omit them. Still largely similar to the older orthography, it employs the Latin alphabet modified by the use of the digraph ⟨gb⟩ and certain diacritics, including the traditional vertical line set under the letters ⟨e̩⟩, ⟨o̩⟩, and ⟨s̩⟩. ⟨ẹ⟩ and ⟨ọ⟩. Episode One: Learn how to say the different parts of your body in Yoruba. Mo ngbiyanju lati kọ yórùbá : I’m trying to learn Yoruba. This, combined with the fact that the latter areas generally have older settlements, suggests a later date for migration into Northwestern Yorubaland. Central Yoruba forms a transitional area in that the lexicon has much in common with NWY, and it shares many ethnographical features with SEY. Though we have written about names and pictures of Animals in Yoruba in the past article but according to Yoruba adage meaning “Knowledge has no end”, we included corrections as pointed out by a “Professor of Yoruba Language”. Watch Queue Queue There are no diphthongs in Yoruba; sequences of vowels are pronounced as separate syllables. The sentence n̄ ò lọ (I didn't go) provides examples of the three syllable types: Standard Yoruba has seven oral and five nasal vowels. 2 videos Play all YORUBA PRONOUNS (Ò̩RÒ̩ ARÓ̩P� Ọjọgbọn Oye Taiwo tó jẹ́ adarí ètò ìkọni yìí ní Fasiti Ibadan rọ gbogbo wa láti túbọ̀ gbé èdè Yorùbá lárugẹ. [26] More than two nouns can be juxtaposed: rélùweè abẹ́ ilẹ̀ (railway underground) 'underground railway', inú àpótí aṣọ 'the inside of the clothes box'. These are used in addition to the line in ⟨ẹ⟩ and ⟨ọ⟩. [8] In present-day Nigeria, it is estimated that there are over 40 million Yoruba primary and secondary language speakers as well as several other millions of speakers outside Nigeria, making it the most widely spoken African language outside of the continent. [22] In fact, since syllables in Yoruba normally end in a vowel, and most nouns start with one, it is a very common phenomenon, and it is absent only in very slow, unnatural speech. Examples: When teaching Yoruba literacy, solfège names of musical notes are used to name the tones: low is do, mid is re, and high is mi.[20]. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to: 1. stimulate and sustain their interest in Yorùbá language, literature and culture. Ọmọ ódún, mọkan Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). Settlements of early Yoruba speakers are assumed to correspond to those found in the wider Niger area from about the 4th century BC, especially at Ife. Although the sound occurs in speech, several authors have argued it to be not phonemically contrastive; often, it is in free variation with [ɔ̃]. It is the written form of the language, the standard variety learned at school and that spoken by newsreaders on the radio. yo Atúmọ̀ èdè kan sọ pé: “Ìdálẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tí a gbà jẹ́ ká ní òmìnira láti ronú onírúurú ọgbọ́n tí a lè lò láti fi túmọ̀ ohun tí òǹkọ̀wé sọ lọ́nà tó yéni, síbẹ̀ ó tún jẹ́ ká mọ ààlà ibi tí a lè lo ọgbọ́n tiwa dé kó má lọ di pé a ń gbaṣẹ́ òǹkọ̀wé ṣe. It is the most common and is present in many Yoruba traditions, such as Apala, Jùjú, Sekere and Afrobeat. The various Yoruba dialects in the Yorubaland of Nigeria can be classified into five major dialect areas: Northwest, Northeast, Central, Southwest and Southeast. When a word precedes another word beginning with a vowel, assimilation, or deletion ('elision') of one of the vowels often takes place. Nitotọ àti ṣe ẹ̀yà orí tẹlẹ ṣugbọn a lérò wípé orúkọ gbogbo ẹ̀yà ara lati orí dé ẹsẹ á wúlò fún kíkà. The tone is the pillar of the Yoruba language. The number of speakers of Yoruba was estimated at around 20 million in the 1990s. The pronunciation of the letters without diacritics corresponds more or less to their International Phonetic Alphabet equivalents, except for the labial–velar consonant [k͡p] (written ⟨p⟩) and [ɡ͡b] (written ⟨gb⟩), in which both consonants are pronounced simultaneously rather than sequentially. Most funding opportunities are only available from external grant bodies and agencies — few come from within the continent. OMO AKOMOLEDE!!! [11] In contrast to NWY, lineage and descent are largely multilineal and cognatic, and the division of titles into war and civil is unknown. translate translation in English-Yoruba dictionary.

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